Selenium for malnutrition in hemodialysis patients: have we considered all of the elements?

the ۲۴ hour urine creatinine clearance for prediction of glomerular filtration rate in liver cirrhosis patients: have we considered all elements?

The 24 Hour Urine Creatinine Clearance for Prediction of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Liver Cirrhosis Patients: Have We Considered All Elements?

The correct estimation of renal function in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is difficult (1, 2). Direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using exogenous markers (iohexol or iothalamate) is considered the reference to assess renal function in cirrhotic patients (1, 2). However, direct measurement of GFR is not available at all transplant centers. The...

study of cohesive devices in the textbook of english for the students of apsychology by rastegarpour

this study investigates the cohesive devices used in the textbook of english for the students of psychology. the research questions and hypotheses in the present study are based on what frequency and distribution of grammatical and lexical cohesive devices are. then, to answer the questions all grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in reading comprehension passages from 6 units of 21units th...

Malnutrition: a frequent misdiagnosis for hemodialysis patients.

Precision in the use of words is necessary in any discipline, and this holds true for physicians and investigators dealing with patients who have chronic kidney disease. Specifically, malnutrition is often used to describe a group of abnormalities — fatigue, loss of body weight with muscle mass being replaced by fatty tissue, declining serum proteins — present in many such patients. However, ma...

Malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients.

Protein-energy malnutrition with muscle wasting occurs in a large proportion of patients with chronic renal failure and is, in addition to atherosclerosis, a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients. There is evidence that a chronic inflammation with activation of C-reactive protein and proinfalammatory cytokines is associated with increased oxidative stress and endo...